1.橡胶同步带由于使用年限长导致的正常磨损和失效
1. Normal wear and failure of rubber synchronous belt due to long service life
当橡胶同步轮的芯线使用寿命达到后，此时的同步带出现失效是属于正常情况。在经过2~3年乃更长时间的运转后，由于芯线是使用寿命达到了极限导致的失效，属于理想的同步带失效模式。区别于由于长期运转后，齿部出现磨损而失效这种模式则不属于理想的同步带失效模式。
When the service life of the core wire of the rubber synchronous wheel reaches, it is normal for the synchronous belt to fail. After 2 ~ 3 years or even longer operation, the failure of the core wire is caused by the service life reaching the limit, which belongs to the ideal synchronous belt failure mode. Different from the failure due to wear of the teeth after long-term operation, this mode does not belong to the ideal synchronous belt failure mode.
运行2到3年后的同步带不需要采取任何改善措施，也会由于其芯线寿命与应用的不同，受各种外部客观因素的影响不同，影响同步带寿命的因素包括传输功率等级，环境，同步带安装张力，带与轮的匹配，带轮的质量水平，甚是如何切割、包装、运输和安装同步带。
After 2 to 3 years of operation, the synchronous belt does not need to take any improvement measures. Due to its different core wire life and application, it will be affected by various external objective factors. The factors affecting the synchronous belt life include transmission power level, environment, installation tension of synchronous belt, matching between belt and pulley, quality level of pulley, and even how to cut, pack Transport and install timing belt.
2.橡胶同步带折曲失效
2. The rubber synchronous belt is bent and fails
橡胶同步带因曲折失效模式有一个很显而易见的表现，那就是其断裂面呈直线排列。
There is an obvious manifestation of the zigzag failure mode of rubber synchronous belt, that is, its fracture surface is arranged in a straight line.
当橡胶同步带芯线弯曲到非常小的直径时，就会引起这种失效模式的发生。急剧的转弯使同步带芯线在巨大的压力下弯曲和受损，影响同步带的拉伸强度，这属于更常见的一种失效模式，通常出现这种失效模式与同步带操作不当、安装张紧力过低、带轮的直径过小和带轮里有异物等有关。

This failure mode occurs when the rubber synchronous belt core is bent to a very small diameter. Sharp turns bend and damage the synchronous belt core under great pressure, affecting the tensile strength of the synchronous belt, which is the most common failure mode. This failure mode is usually related to improper operation of the synchronous belt, low installation tension, too small diameter of the pulley and foreign matters in the pulley.
3.橡胶同步带安装张力低导致失效
3. Low installation tension of rubber synchronous belt leads to failure
安装张力过低会导致同步带在中度到高度负荷的传动系统中过早失效。安装张力过低的失效模式常见的表现形式为跳齿。跳齿即是同步带的齿爬出超出其对应的轮槽范围，并且同步带的根部不再承受负荷。传动负荷进一步作用于同步带侧面使同步带齿部发生变形，随之出现跳动。这种情况下，跳齿会导致橡胶从齿根沿着芯线撕裂，同时随着橡胶撕裂程度的加重，同步带齿部会开始以条状的形式脱离同步带。此种失效模式要于由于粘度不足导致的失效模式有所不同，粘度不足导致的失效模式，同步带中外露芯线是较为整洁的。
Too low installation tension will cause premature failure of the timing belt in the transmission system with moderate to high load. The common failure mode of low installation tension is tooth skipping. Tooth skipping means that the teeth of the synchronous belt climb out of the range of its corresponding wheel groove, and the root of the synchronous belt will no longer bear the load. The transmission load further acts on the side of the synchronous belt, causing the tooth of the synchronous belt to deform and jump. In this case, tooth skipping will cause the rubber to tear along the core line from the tooth root. At the same time, with the aggravation of the rubber tear, the teeth of the synchronous belt will begin to separate from the synchronous belt in the form of strip. This failure mode is different from the failure mode caused by insufficient viscosity. For the failure mode caused by insufficient viscosity, the exposed core wire in the synchronous belt is relatively clean.
4.带轮质量导致的失效
4. Failure caused by pulley quality
带轮的生产不符合标准以及带轮磨损情况严重都会导致同步带出现过早失效，而且这两种原因引起的失效非常难以区分。带轮导致同步带失效的情况很容易被忽略，因为一般同步带出现失效，我们会着重从同步带本身去排查原因。由于带轮问题导致的同步带出现失效，一般同步带侧面是呈现模糊的绒毛状或片状。
The production of pulley does not meet the standard and the serious wear of pulley will lead to premature failure of synchronous belt, and the failure caused by these two reasons is very difficult to distinguish. The synchronous belt failure caused by the pulley is easy to be ignored, because the general synchronous belt fails, we will focus on the synchronous belt itself. The synchronous belt fails due to the pulley problem. Generally, the side of the synchronous belt is fuzzy fluff or flake.
5.带轮跳动
5. Pulley runout
带轮跳动的越厉害，张紧力就升得越高。带轮旋转时同步带的张紧力会周期性的升降，当同步带运行在径向跳动的带轮系统中时。受带轮跳动的影响，齿底看起来会像是被碾碎的样子。碾碎的带体可能会与在适度尺寸带轮中而运行的同步带张紧力过高所导致的现象相类似。而极端周期性的张力变化常常导致同步带齿部撕裂或同步带拉伸性断裂。带轮往锥套上安装，或在更小的带轮光孔基础上进行再扩孔后安装时，往往容易发生跳动。
The more the pulley jumps, the higher the maximum tension rises. When the pulley rotates, the tension of the synchronous belt will rise and fall periodically. When the synchronous belt runs in the radial beating pulley system. Affected by the runout of the pulley, the tooth bottom will look like being crushed. The crushed belt body may be similar to the phenomenon caused by excessive tension of synchronous belt running in moderately sized pulley. The extreme periodic tension changes often lead to the tearing of the teeth of the synchronous belt or the tensile fracture of the synchronous belt. When the pulley is installed on the cone sleeve or after re reaming on the basis of the smallest pulley smooth hole, it is often easy to jump.
6.空气腐蚀导致的失效
6. Failure caused by air corrosion
同步带应用于翻砂搅拌机，铁矿石加工设备，磷酸盐采矿输送设备时，容易受腐蚀性空气的影响。由于长期在易容腐蚀空气腐蚀的环境下使用而导致的失效，一般情况下，带齿侧面和同步带齿底的磨损会呈现光亮状。带轮在易受腐蚀空气中使用应该增加带轮和同步带更换的频率，或者是采取安装有洁净空气加压的密封罩，可以有效防止腐蚀性的灰尘杂质进入装置。
When the synchronous belt is used in sand turning mixer, iron ore processing equipment and phosphate mining conveying equipment, it is easy to be affected by corrosive air. Failure caused by long-term use in an environment prone to corrosion and air corrosion. Generally, the wear on the side of the belt teeth and the bottom of the synchronous belt teeth will appear bright. When the pulley is used in corrosive air, the replacement frequency of pulley and synchronous belt should be increased, or a sealing cover with clean air pressurization should be installed to effectively prevent corrosive dust and impurities from entering the device.
7.因高温降解导致失效
7. Failure due to high temperature degradation
当橡胶同步带长期于高于85℃的高温环境下工作时，橡胶会由于高温而硬化，在运转过程中会容易出现背部开裂，这些开裂通常与齿的运行方向呈现平行的状态，而且多发生在齿中间。
When the rubber synchronous belt works at a high temperature higher than 85 ℃ for a long time, the rubber will harden due to high temperature, and it is easy to have back cracks during operation. These cracks are usually parallel to the running direction of the teeth, and mostly occur in the middle of the teeth.
8.化学降解导致失效
8. Failure due to chemical degradation
橡胶同步带在挥发性有机溶剂和臭氧的环境下与上文提及由于高温导致的失效情况相类似。同样是由于成分变硬然后导致同步带背部出现开裂。但是开裂的形式有所区别，一般是呈现纵横向的开裂，甚各种形状的开裂均有可能。
The failure of rubber synchronous belts in the environment of volatile organic solvents and ozone is similar to that caused by high temperature mentioned above. It is also due to the hardening of the composition, which leads to the cracking of the back of the synchronous belt. However, the forms of cracking are different, generally showing vertical and horizontal cracking, and even cracking of various shapes are possible.
9.异物进入导致的失效
9. Failure caused by foreign matter entry
带轮和橡胶同步带之间有异物的情况会导致带齿和芯线的损坏，通常这种情况，芯线内部狐呈现断裂状或者使用不久后发生过度弯曲而失效。
Foreign matters between the pulley and the rubber synchronous belt will cause damage to the belt teeth and the core wire. Generally, in this case, the internal part of the core wire is broken or becomes invalid due to excessive bending shortly after use.